A Recently Discovered Molecule Boosts White Blood Cell Levels to Combat Infections

White blood cells play a crucial role as immune system defenders, but their levels can be diminished by health conditions or treatments such as chemotherapy. Researchers at Yale have identified a molecule that, when administered, rapidly elevates their numbers. This approach aims to strengthen the immune response against infections without relying on antibiotics.

Neutrophils, a subset of white blood cells, act as early responders to foreign threats such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi. However, their quantities can decrease in a condition known as neutropenia, which may arise from specific genetic conditions or as a side effect of treatments like chemotherapy. In either scenario, reduced neutrophil counts can escalate the severity of infections, and there are limited options available for increasing their levels.

Unearthing a Promising Molecule

In the recent research, Yale researchers have pinpointed a potentially beneficial molecule. Formally named A485 and informally referred to as “prohiberin,” this molecule inhibits specific proteins that control gene expression, prompting the release of neutrophils and other white blood cells from the bone marrow.

During tests conducted on mice, A485 demonstrated rapid and transient effectiveness, with white blood cell counts returning to normal levels within 12 hours. While this might initially seem like a drawback, the team asserts that it is, in fact, advantageous.

Nikolai Jaschke, the lead author of the study, explained, “Currently, the primary treatment for low white blood cell counts is G-CSF, or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, a naturally produced substance that can be administered as a drug. However, its prolonged effects can be detrimental in certain situations, limiting its broader clinical applicability. A485, while equally potent as G-CSF, has a shorter duration of impact.”

Boosting Immune Response

Subsequently, the team examined whether the increased white blood cell count could be beneficial in clearing infections. Mice were subjected to chemotherapy to impair their bone marrow, which typically diminishes their immune response to infection. After infecting the mice with the bacteria listeria, A485 was administered. As anticipated, those receiving the molecule demonstrated more effective infection clearance and higher survival rates compared to the control group. These findings suggest that molecules like A485 could potentially decrease reliance on antibiotics.

Jaschke added, “In cases where patients develop low white blood cell counts, such as neutropenic fever following chemotherapy, antibiotics currently represent the only approved therapy. A485 could present an alternative option.”

Despite the progress made, there is still significant work ahead. The precise mechanism of action for A485 needs further exploration, according to the team, and its efficacy must be evaluated against other, more prevalent infections.

Read the original article on: New Atlas

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