History

Massachusetts Museum Returns Wounded Knee Artifacts to Sioux Tribes

A ceremony on Saturday marked the end of a long repatriation processLeola One Feather, of the Oglala Sioux Tribe in South Dakota, observes as Native American artifacts are photographed in Barre, Massachusetts. Credit: Associated PressA small Massachusetts museum is returning approximately 150 items, some linked to the 1890 Wounded Knee Massacre, to the Lakota Sioux peoples....

Ancient Egyptians Might Have Used Branding Irons on Human Slaves

Several of the ancient Egyptian branding-irons — actually made of bronze — were too small for large animals like cattle and were probably used to brand human slaves. Credit: © The Trustees of the British Museum; (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)A new research study proposes that small branding irons from ancient Egypt were most likely used to mark...

19th-Century Whaling Shipwreck Identified in the Gulf of Mexico

This picture of the try-works was drawn from the shipwreck site of the whaler Market by an NOAA ROV. The try-works was a cast-iron stove with two deep kettles utilized to make whale blubber right into the oil. (Picture credit: NOAA Sea Expedition).Indigenous Americans and the descendants of enslaved African individuals functioned as crew...

Is Mansa Munsa the World’s Richest Human being?

Illustration of Mansa Musa's caravan. Credit: SutoriAccording to the 2019 Forbes billionaires list, announced in March 2019, Amazon founder Jeff Bezos is the wealthiest individual on the planet. With a fortune of around $131 billion (99 billion), he is the richest man in modern history. He is not, however, the wealthiest individual who has...

The Purpose of the Pickelhaube Helmet

Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany (center), wearing a Pickelhaube, inspects troops during World War. Credit: Library of CongressThe nation's Pickelhaube helmet, distinguished by a single spike protruding directly from its top, became an icon of Prussian militarism during the early twentieth century. based on appearance, the prominent spike appears to have served no use;...

Open Access: The Future of Academia

Plans to measure the impact of historical research as if it were a science will undoubtedly mean fewer history books that delight the general reader.The kind of history books that delight most readers probably incorporate original research with elegant, easily accessible prose: possibly a book such as Christopher Clark’s The Sleepwalkers or Lyndal Roper’s...

The Morality of Modern Medicine

Credit: European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthcareThe rise of laboratory science in the late 19th century placed a sharp focus on the moral value of medical innovation.'Modern medical science has offered us a choice where there was once none.' So stated John Simon at the International Medical Congress in London...