Large Study Reveals Unexpected Origins of Gout

Gout is often linked to poor diet and drinking habits, but new research reveals genetics as a stronger factor in developing the condition than previously believed. In a major study, researchers analyzed genetic data from 2.6 million individuals, including 120,295 with this disease, identifying 377 DNA regions associated with the condition—149 of which were new.

While lifestyle factors still matter, these findings emphasize a genetic basis for gout, challenging the belief that it’s primarily lifestyle-driven. According to epidemiologist Tony Merriman from the University of Otago, “Gout is a genetic condition and not the sufferer’s fault.”

High uric acid levels form crystals in the joints, triggering immune responses and pain. Genetics play a role in the immune reaction and uric acid management. Although effective treatments exist, myths about gout’s origins often prevent people from seeking help—a growing concern as cases increase.

“This myth causes many with gout to feel shame, leading some to suffer silently instead of seeking preventive medication to lower urate levels,” says Merriman.

New Treatment Options for Gout Emerge, With Potential for Repurposing Existing Drugs

Beyond clarifying gout’s causes, this study also opens new treatment avenues, especially for managing immune responses to uric acid buildup. Some existing drugs might even be repurposed for this purpose.

The study, however, has limitations: most data comes from people of European ancestry, and some relied on self-reported gout rather than clinical diagnoses. Still, it provides valuable insights into a longstanding health issue.

“We hope that these new insights lead to better and more accessible treatments over time,” Merriman adds. “Gout deserves greater attention and resources in healthcare.”

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