Plasma-ramming Device Works as A True Speedometer For Spacecraft

Given that satellites orbit at speeds of thousands of miles per hour, it’s crucial to know exactly how fast they’re moving in order to prevent potential collisions. A new instrument, called the Spacecraft Speedometer, promises to significantly improve this kind of measurement.

Traditional Tracking Methods and Their Limitations

Ground stations typically track satellite speed using technologies such as radar and field-of-view sensors, while onboard GPS modules also provide speed data.

However, these methods come with limitations. Ground stations can only monitor satellites while they are within range, which means these objects can go untracked for extended periods — sometimes days — depending on their orbit.

Although GPS offers a more stable alternative, engineers did not equip many older satellites with it. Moreover, space weather events like geomagnetic storms can interfere with GPS signals — ironically, at times when precise positioning data is most critical.

Furthermore, neither ground stations nor GPS would be effective in missions around other planets, such as measuring the velocity of spacecraft orbiting different celestial bodies. This is where the Spacecraft Speedometer comes in.

Introducing the Spacecraft Speedometer

Scientists at Los Alamos National Laboratory, in partnership with the United States Air Force Academy, developed the compact device and designed it to be mounted directly onto satellites. It features two identical laminated plasma spectrometers: one facing forward, in the direction of travel, and the other facing backward.

Experts technically refer to the device as a “dual-sensor laminated-head electrostatic analyzer.”

As the satellite moves, a large number of space plasma ions collide with the front-facing spectrometer at high velocity. Although some ions also strike the rear sensor, it happens with much less frequency and energy.

Scientists can accurately calculate the spacecraft’s current speed by comparing the quantity and impact energy of ions hitting the front sensor with those striking the rear.

“[The Spacecraft Speedometer] has the potential to provide critical real-time, onboard velocity measurements,” says Carlos Maldonado, lead researcher on the project at Los Alamos. “These measurements are essential for accurately predicting satellite positions and performing maneuvers to avoid other active satellites and debris.”

The development team has already successfully tested the device aboard the International Space Station and is now seeking commercial partners to bring the product to market.

Read the original article on: New Atlas

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