Space-Time-Coding Metasurface Enhances 6G Wireless Networks

Programmable metasurfaces (PMs), also known as reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, not only reflect wireless signals but also dynamically control electromagnetic waves in real time. These smart surfaces are crucial for advancing sensing technologies and next-generation wireless communication systems.

Researchers from Southeast University, the University of Sannio, and Université Paris-Saclay-CNRS demonstrated that a specific PM, called a space-time-coding metasurface, can simultaneously support both sensing and communication. Their study, published in Nature Communications, introduces two integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) schemes leveraging this technology.

“As we enter the 6G era, networks must do more than just transmit data—they must interact with and adapt to their environment,” said senior author Tie Jun Cui. Motivated by this vision, the team developed a PM that enables high-speed communication while sensing its surroundings in real time.

Space-Time-Coding Metasurface: A Programmable Solution for Dynamic Signal Control

At the heart of their system is a space-time-coding metasurface, a programmable surface that actively manipulates reflected signals. Unlike conventional mirrors that simply bounce back light, this surface adjusts electromagnetic wave propagation using embedded diodes that switch on and off dynamically. Notably, it supports both the original signal frequency and additional harmonics, allowing precise control.

This dual functionality enables stable connectivity while tracking movement, detecting objects, and responding to environmental changes. To test its capabilities, the researchers built a microwave-frequency prototype (10.3 GHz), which successfully demonstrated real-time sensing and communication.

“Our prototype adapts to moving users, stabilizes connections, and accurately detects obstacles,” Cui explained. “This approach could simplify mobile networks, reduce costs, optimize spectrum use, and improve sustainability.”

Their breakthrough paves the way for future smart environments, with applications in smart cities, home security, industrial robotics, and autonomous vehicles. Moving forward, the team aims to integrate artificial intelligence for real-time decision-making and enhance security to ensure reliable and protected operation. Ultimately, they envision intelligent spaces that seamlessly adapt to user needs, making homes and cities more connected, responsive, and efficient.

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