The Urgent Need for Stringent Methane Emission Policies
The first global review of methane policies, conducted by our research team, reveals that stringent policies to eliminate methane emissions still need to be improved, despite the global focus on reducing methane emissions.
While over 100 countries signed the Global Methane Pledge to cut emissions by 30% compared to 2020 levels by 2030, our study highlights that only around 13% of man-made methane emissions from primary sources such as agriculture, energy, and waste are regulated by effective policies.
Policies to be implemented to reduce methane leakage
These policies, which can include fixing methane leaks, implementing emission capture technologies, charging for methane release, or providing incentives for methane utilization, are crucial in controlling and preventing methane emissions. However, most (70%) of these policies have been adopted in the United States and Europe.
Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, with over 80 times the warming potential of carbon dioxide (CO₂) over a shorter timespan. By phasing out methane emissions, we can rapidly reduce the rate of global warming since methane breaks down in the atmosphere within about a decade. Deep reductions in methane emissions are necessary to meet global climate targets.
Regulation varies by sector
Our study analyzed policies across 79 countries in sectors including farming, waste management, and energy. Regulation of methane emissions varies by sector, with a greater focus on fossil fuel sources (41% targeting coal mines and oil refineries) compared to biogenic sources (25% targeting farms and landfills). Taxes and charges are more common for regulating biogenic sources, while financial incentives are frequently used for fossil methane policies.
Regulations targeting the oil and gas sector tend to be more stringent than those addressing coal mines, and waste management policies are more stringent for livestock emissions. However, there is still room for improvement regarding more stringent policies and consistent measurement of methane emissions from each source.
Source of methane and its monitoring
Primary methane sources have mainly been overlooked, including livestock digestive gases, ventilation shafts of coal mines, super-emitters in the oil and gas sector, and emissions from abandoned mines and wells. Non-operated joint ventures and supply chains are also significant sources that require attention.
Improving the monitoring of methane emissions is crucial for enabling deeper cuts, as historically, measuring methane has been challenging and costly. Policymakers must recognize that methane reduction is not just a choice but a complement to ongoing decarbonization efforts focused on CO₂.
Final thoughts
As we progress, it is vital to strengthen policies and ensure a consistent approach to quantifying methane emissions from each source. This will help align regulations with global commitments and pave the way for significant reductions in methane emissions.
The upcoming UN climate change conference (COP28) will be crucial for oil- and gas-rich countries and industries to demonstrate their commitment to tackling methane emissions and addressing the climate crisis.
Read the original article on The Conversation.
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