NASA is developing a high-performance computer chip that could transform how future spacecraft function in deep space. Built through a commercial partnership, the processor speeds onboard data processing and enables more autonomous spacecraft decisions on distant missions.
NASA’s Effort to Build More Intelligent Spacecraft
NASA’s High Performance Spaceflight Computing project aims to improve the processing power of spacecraft used in exploration missions. Most spacecraft still use older, proven processors that withstand space conditions but lack the performance needed for future missions.
NASA says advanced chips are needed for autonomous spacecraft, faster onboard data analysis, and astronaut support on future Moon and Mars missions.
Eugene Schwanbeck of NASA’s Langley Research Center says the multicore system improves earlier designs and is fault-tolerant, adaptable, and powerful. He added that NASA’s progress in spaceflight computing reflects strong technical innovation and collaboration.
Radiation-Hardened Processor Tested Under Extreme Conditions
At its core is a radiation-hardened processor with up to 100× more computing power than current space systems, built to withstand harsh conditions. Engineers at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) have run extensive simulations to replicate these conditions.
Jim Butler, JPL’s High Performance Space Computing project manager, said the chips are undergoing heavy radiation, thermal, shock, and functional testing to evaluate performance.
To be space-qualified, the processor must withstand radiation, shocks, and extreme temperature changes that can damage electronics. High-energy particles from space can cause errors that may put a spacecraft into “safe mode,” temporarily disabling nonessential functions.
NASA is also evaluating how the chip performs under the challenging conditions of landing on other planetary bodies.
Landing Simulations Paving the Way for Next-Generation Space Hardware
Butler said the team uses realistic landing simulations based on NASA mission data that normally require powerful, energy-intensive systems to process large sensor data during descent. He noted that this work represents an exciting step toward hardware that will support NASA’s next major advancements.
Testing at JPL started in February and is expected to continue for several more months. Early tests look promising: NASA says the processor performs as intended and may be up to 500× faster than today’s radiation-hardened space computers. To mark the start of testing, the team sent a “Hello Universe” email, echoing the classic “Hello World” programming message.
AI-Driven Spacecraft and Deep Space Exploration
The processor is being created through a collaboration between NASA’s JPL and Microchip Technology Inc., an Arizona-based company. Initial versions of the chip have already been distributed to partners in the defense and commercial aerospace sectors.
NASA says the technology could enable more autonomous spacecraft that use AI to react instantly when Earth-based guidance is delayed. It may also enhance deep space missions by allowing faster processing, storage, and transmission of large volumes of scientific data. Ultimately, the processor could support future human missions to the Moon and Mars.
Small System-on-a-Chip Delivers Extremely High Computing Power
The processor is a system-on-a-chip (SoC), integrating all key components into a single compact unit small enough to fit in the palm of a hand. It includes CPUs, specialized processing units, advanced networking, memory, and input/output interfaces.
While system-on-chips (SoCs) are common in smartphones and tablets, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory uses versions engineered for long-duration deep-space missions. They must work reliably for years, millions or billions of miles from Earth, in far harsher conditions than consumer electronics.
Once approved, NASA plans to use the processor on missions including satellites, rovers, habitats, and deep-space probes. Microchip also aims to modify the technology for terrestrial applications, including the aviation and automotive industries.
Collaboration Between NASA and Industry
The project is overseen by NASA’s Space Technology Mission Directorate through the Game Changing Development (GCD) program at NASA Langley Research Center. With NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), managed by Caltech, the program has guided technology from mission requirements through research, development, and implementation.
NASA JPL selected Microchip as a partner in 2022, and Microchip funded additional R&D for the processor.
Read the original article on: SciTechDaily
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