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Neuroscience

04Aug

The occurrence of surprise can be attributed to an unforeseen alteration in the chemical makeup of the brain.

Credit: Andriy Onufriyenko/Getty ImagesA recent study published in the journal Nature suggests that when we experience surprise, our brains are more likely to be attentive. Researchers, from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, discovered that a hormone called noradrenaline can impact brain activity and behavior in response to unexpected events. Noradrenaline is one of several chemicals...

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09Jul

This Implant Cools off Nerves to Provide Targeted Pain Alleviation

A small implant that wraps around nerves and cools them has been shown to deliver targeted pain relief in rats. If it is as safe and reliable in human beings, the "nerve cooler" could assist individuals in managing pain without addicting opioids.Why it is crucialApproximately 20% of Americans live with chronic pain, and millions...

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25Jun

Does the Brain Learn in the Same Manner that Machines Learn?

Identifying how neural activity changes with learning is anything but black and white. Recently, some have presumed that learning in the brain, or biological learning, may be visualized in terms of optimization, which is how learning happens in artificial networks like computers or robots.A new approaches piece co-authored by Carnegie Mellon University and University...

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20Jun

Scientists Target Protein to Lower the Risk of Prostate Cancer Spread

According to a study conducted by Cedars-Sinai Cancer investigators, targeting a particular protein usually overexpressed in prostate cancer can assist stop or retard the disease from spreading to other body parts.The study, published in the peer-reviewed journal Nature Communications, opens the possibility of using available commercial medications, including one approved by the Fda for...

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06Jun

Research Examines Why the Memory of Fear is Seared Into Our Brains

Illustration of the brain. Credit: Capillary Technologies.Experiencing a frightening incident is likely something you will always remember. Why does it remain with you when other kinds of events become increasingly hard to remember with time?A mechanism for the formation of fear memories in the amygdala, the emotional center of the brains, has been identified...

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03Mar

Astrocytes Help Manipulate Synaptic Activity in Learning and Memory

A micrograph showing a labeled astrocyte. Yukiko Goda and her team have demonstrated how astrocytes play a prominent part in tuning the changes in neuronal activity that enable memory formation. Credit: RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Thomas ChaterBetter learning and longer memoriesRIKEN neuroscientists have identified an intriguing system for how neuronal activity in mice...

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02Feb

Finding Structure in the Brain’s Static

Much of the electrical activity in the brain looks like noise and is not associated with reactions to any particular stimuli. The scientists found that there was structure in the noise that could reveal the state of attentiveness in the brain. In this model of brain activity in the monkey visual cortex, the overall...

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27Jan

DETI Brain Mapping Technique Reveals Neural Code of Vision Handling With Time

DETI mapping results from the brain of a person viewing one of the stimuli used in the experiment (far left). The central column shows a flattened topographical map of the electrodes over the back of the head, illustrating the variation of DETI maps at each electrode across that scalp region. On the right-hand side,...

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31Aug

Robotic “Third Thumb” Use Can Change Just How the Hand Is Represented in the Brain

The ‘Third Thumb’ device being used to blow bubbles single-handedly. Credit: Dani ClodeUsing a robotic 'Third Thumb' can impact how the hand is represented in the brain, finds a new study led by University College London researchers.The group trained individuals to use an additional robotic thumb and found they could effectively carry out dextrous...

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29Aug

Neuromorphic Chip: Artificial Neurons Identify Biosignals in Real Time

The neuromorphic chip reliably and precisely detects high-frequency oscillations in previously recorded intracranial EEG. Credit: UZH, ETHZ, USZScientists from Zurich have created a portable, energy-efficient gadget made from synthetic neurons that can decode brainwaves. The chip uses information recorded from the brainwaves of epilepsy patients to determine which regions of the brain cause epileptic...

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