Scientists May Have Uncovered How the Brain Renews Itself During Sleep

When you sleep and dream, your brain may undergo a “rinse cycle,” clearing out toxic by-products to prepare for the next day. Researchers from the University of Copenhagen have now mapped the flow of neurotransmitters, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid in mice, uncovering how this process works—and revealing that common sleep drugs like Ambien may disrupt it.

The glymphatic system, discovered in mice a decade ago, channels cerebrospinal fluid into the brain to flush out waste, including toxins linked to Alzheimer’s. It also balances water, supports the immune system, and delivers energy. While past studies tied the system’s activity to brain waves during sleep, most relied on anesthetized animals, leaving gaps in understanding its natural function.

Using fiber optic implants, researchers tracked norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter, in awake and sleeping mice. They found that during non-dreaming sleep, norepinephrine caused rhythmic blood vessel contractions, helping cerebrospinal fluid penetrate the brain. This deep-sleep cleansing was less effective during wakefulness or dreaming.

Impact of Sleep Aids on Brain Cleansing: Zolpidem’s Disruptive Effects

The team also explored how sleep aids like Zolpidem affect the process. They discovered that the drug reduced the rhythmic oscillations, hindering cerebrospinal fluid from fully flushing the brain.

While more research is needed to confirm these findings in humans, the study underscores the importance of deep, natural sleep for brain health. Sleep medications still have their place, but understanding their potential impact could guide future decisions about their use.

Read Original Article: Science Alert

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