Solar, Wood, and Bacteria Together in Water Purification

The University of Science and Technology of China has made a breakthrough in water purification by introducing a unique wooden device that utilizes bacteria to construct essential nanostructures, enabling evaporation as a reliable method for making water potable.

The Fundamental Concept

The fundamental concept of an evaporative water purifier is reminiscent of what many of us learned in science class. By concentrating sunlight onto the device, the water within heats up and transforms into steam, leaving behind any harmful impurities. The resulting steam is then directed into a separate container where it condenses back into pure, safe-to-drink water.

Throughout the years, we have witnessed numerous applications of this fundamental idea, employing diverse materials and arrangements. These implementations include devices that float atop a lake, drawing water from beneath and purifying it, sponges enveloped in bubble wrap, porous structures composed of graphite flakes, solar stills crafted from carbon-coated paper, and cellulose aerogels.

In this particular investigation, the novel device consists of multiple layers. The uppermost layer comprises carbon nanotubes, known for their effective absorption of solar heat. Positioned in the middle is a layer composed of miniature glass bubbles, creating an insulating aerogel to retain the generated heat. Below this layer, there is a block of wood, with water situated beneath it.

Bacteria Utilization

However, the pivotal component is the utilization of bacteria. The researchers initiated the process by applying the microorganisms onto the wood surface and allowing them to undergo fermentation. As the subsequent steps involve incorporating the glass bubble and carbon nanotube layers, the bacteria play a crucial role in constructing cellulose nanofibers around these components, effectively binding the entire structure together.

In this specific design, water`s conveyed upward through the wood, utilizing its inherent porous structure that aids trees in maintaining hydration. As the water reaches the uppermost layer containing carbon nanotubes capable of absorbing light, it undergoes heating and evaporation. Simultaneously, the glassy aerogel layer functions as an insulator, preventing the dissipation of heat downward.

Up To Now The Best Evaporator Design

According to the researchers, this solar evaporator design surpasses many others in terms of efficiency. It achieves an impressive evaporation rate of 2.9 kg m–2 h–1 and demonstrates a remarkable solar-to-vapor efficiency of 80 percent. Furthermore, the use of wood and carbon nanotubes offers an additional advantage as these materials are both cost-effective and widely available.

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